The Nature Of A Career Essay - 1678 Words

Imagine a family bringing in their deathly sick dog, everybody in tears, everybody relying on you to save their dog. A veterinarian will probably go through this situation many times throughout their career. I have a strong passion to work with animals from all over the world. My grandpa was a veterinarian, and he always told me stories about what animals he worked with and where all he traveled to. Joining the veterinary field and helping all sorts of animals will offer many positive benefits, provide great pay, and allow me to work in different locations. Nature of the Work Understanding the nature of a career one may pursue in the future plays an important role. A doctor to a human is equivalent to a veterinarian to an animal. Anyone with a pet can tell you that. Veterinarians are needed everywhere all across the world. Veterinarians work with anything from dogs to lions. A veterinarian’s job is to care for animals and nurse them back to help, or just give them their checkups (BLS). They treat animal diseases so that they don’t get spread to their owners or spread to other animals that they may come in contact with (explorehealthcareers). There are many different veterinary positions, as in the receptionist of a clinic, the veterinarian, the veterinary technician, the hospital or clinic manager, and a veterinary assistant (AVMA). Veterinarians are almost needed just as much as doctors are needed throughout the whole world, to both humans and animals. Education andShow MoreRelatedThe Nature Of Work For Your Selected Career1996 Words   |  8 PagesSection 1--Identify your career of choice and discuss the nature of work for your selected career: My selected major is computer science. As I grew up, I began to develop a love for computers and that love grew each year, and each year I would use a computer even more than I had the year preceding that year therefore generating my passion for computer science. Computer scientists have more than one duty, as they have many. They usually work in a team with other computer programmers, information technologyRead MoreThe Hunger Games The Tributes Behavior1124 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Hobbes’ statement the laws create an obligation on the part of man, but a man cannot be expected to follow the laws of nature. As justice is defined in Hobbes’ Leviathan following the law, there can be no justice in the state of nature. Throughout the Hunger Games the tributes behavior does confirm Hobbes’ understanding of the problem of justice. You can see Hobbes appears to be right in several situations throughout the games. The examples that will be analyzed are, Katniss having noRead MoreEssay on Preparing for a Career in Hr1335 Words   |  6 PagesPreparing for a career in HR Intro to Human Resources Management Preparing for a career in HR Human resources or HR is a demanding career that requires specialized training. Human Resources can be very high in its growth potential but the growth prospect, just like any other profession, depends on the ability of the person concerned. HR professionals manage a business’ employees, job candidates and work rules. They also conduct interviews, hire employees, fire employees, and manage employee’sRead MoreOccupational Therapy Is A Career Which Helps To Assist1596 Words   |  7 PagesOccupational therapy is a career which helps to assist those that are unable to perform the basic skills required in their specific occupation. It is best known for its unique nature, high demand, and potential for extreme success and fulfillment. To understand occupational therapy, one must understand the unique nature of the career. Therapists provide assistance in the areas of self-help, paid and non-paid work, and leisure activities. Secondly, personal attributes, rigorous educ ational requirementsRead More Becoming An Ecologist Is An Exciting Venture Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pages Becoming an Ecologist is an Exciting Venture nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Because of the increasing changes in the environment, a career as an ecologist is an important venture, especially for an earth-science oriented person with a love for nature and animals. With the number of ecological disasters escalating every year there is an ever increasing need for ecologists and people trained in ecology. Along with these disasters there are hundreds of animals and plants that are disappearing offRead MoreA Country Doctor by Sarah Orne Jewett1515 Words   |  6 PagesJewett’s A Country Doctor, Nan Prince, fights against these prejudices pertaining to the expected role of women in society1 with a calm and dignified demeanor. In Nan’s pursuit of her career as a doctor, she encounters reasons for and against her decision from her personal history, religion, and the portrayal of her career and friends, but she overcomes all opinions and demonstrates the independence of women in society. Nan’s instinct against submission to the male dominated society portrays itselfRead MoreAnalyzing John Hollands Theory812 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Krumboltzs have made enormous strides in advancing the field of career development and counseling. In the midst of our current global decline, appropriate skills training and counseling is vitally needed. Through the work of these two individuals, society can benefit from a renewed sense of capability in regards to employment John Hollands theory is predicated on personality and its influence over an individuals career aspiration. Holland, through the use of the Holland Occupational ThemesRead MoreOrthopedic Surgeon, Neurologist, and Plastic Surgeon Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesof career opportunities for people to pursue in so many different, vast, and constantly evolving fields. It is important for a person to look ahead for the future and think of jobs that might interest them. Investigating potential careers allows a person to set a course for the future depending on what qualifications one might need to be successful in a certain career. Every job has its pros and cons, but ultimately if one does not like what they do then they may have picked the wrong career pathRead MorePhysical Therapy Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pages People have created a hectic and busy world, that includes careers and daily activities that require physical activity. While attempting to attain the required physical conditioning, people often take chances with their personal health as they try to stretch their physical limits. Sometimes, people can surpass their current limits and form new boundaries; however, other times people are not so fortunate. These unfortunate times often lead to injury, including workplace accidents, sporting incidentsRead MoreThe Career Path For Criminology920 Words   |  4 Pagesof the career paths recommended in my Sigi3 results was Criminology. Reading the job description for criminology I was intrigued and wanted to learn more. I have always enjoyed the study of human nature and I am a strong proponent of justice. After much research, I believe that criminology is a career that I would enjoy because it allows me to fulfill my passion for uncovering the truth and sharing that information with other s to affect change. Criminology is the scientific study of nature, extent

The Sarbanes Oxley Act s Purpose Essay - 1537 Words

According to Jennings (2015), the Sarbanes Oxley Act’s purpose is â€Å"An Act to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities laws, and for other purposes† (p. 246). This act was enacted because of several major accounting scandals. One company with such a scandal was Enron. Enron was one of the largest corporations in the United States. Enron was reporting revenues of over $100 billion, and its stock was being sold for $80 a share (Goethals, Sorenson, Burns, 2004). However, it was using shady and unethical business practices, such as listing inflating its revenue and hiding debts in special purpose entities. Eventually, their faulty accounting caught up with them, and their market share plummeted. This was credited as one of the worst auditing failures. This was but one of many accounting scandals, but it was possibly the worst. To help prevent something like this from happened again, the Sarbanes Oxley Act was passed. This act greatly increased the accountability of auditing firms, and it also increased penalties for acts such as defrauding shareholders, as well as faking, destroying, or altering records (Jennings, 2015). Part 1 of Sarbanes Oxley created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, which oversaw the audit of public companies, established auditing report standards and rules, and investigated, inspected, and enforced compliance with these rules (Jennings, 2015). Auditing companies mustShow MoreRelatedThe Tax Advantages Of Sarbanes Oxley Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesDisadvantages of Sarbanes-Oxley Afua Nyamekye Liberty University The Tax Advantages and Disadvantages of Sarbanes-Oxley The 1990s and the early 2000s was a time that the world witness an explosion of fraud in the corporate world. Corporate fraud like Enron, HealthSouth, Waste Management, WorldCom, Lehman Brothers, etc. was so disturbing that lawmakers felt the need for a law to help curb down these frauds. Lawmakers came out with Sarbanes Oxley named after Senator Paul Sarbanes and Rep. MichaelRead MoreThe Collapse Of Enron Corporation1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this article is analyze the downfall of the Enron Corporation and how the collapse of Enron Corporation consequence affected the United states financial market. Enron Corporation was the seventh largest company in the United States, and had the biggest audit failure. In this Research paper, it describes the reason of Enron Corporation collapse, including details of the internal/ external management, accounting fraud, and conflict of interest. Enron is the largest bankruptcy in AmericaRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act : A Important Pa rt Of Business1215 Words   |  5 PagesA vital part of business today is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. It was created to protect the integrity of business and the interest of consumers and investors. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act enforces the monitoring of finance data and information technology as it relates to storage of information. It requires the audit of a company’s assets, accounting and finance. The act requires certifications by top company officials’ to guarantee that data submitted is true and accurate. Monitoring to ensure complianceRead MoreCorporate Scandals And The Implact Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act1472 Words   |  6 PagesA LOOK AT CORPORATE SCANDALS AND THE IMPLACT OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I. INTRODUCTION An economic boom filled with fraud, collapsed in the early 2000s with the unravelling of Enron in October 2001 followed by the implosion of WorldCom and many others big corporations. The downfall of these major companies led to a wide spread crisis of confidence in the financial markets. A crisis caused by executive greed was able to be magnified when the gatekeepers, the auditors, lawyers and analystsRead MoreThe Importance Of Sarbanes Oxley Act1713 Words   |  7 PagesMEMO To: Professor of ACG 1001 Writing Project From: Calvin Robinson CC: Date: June 13, 2016 Re: The Importance of Sarbanes-Oxley Act After several scandals that involved such major corporations as WorldCom, Enron and Arthur Anderson. President Bush signed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on July 30, 2002 which created after Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley. The act was created to regulate financial practices and corporate governance. It consists of 11 different sections or titlesRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002 Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pagesof Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This Act was placed into law to protect the consumer against fraudulent activity by organizations. This paper will provide a brief history of the law and discuss some of the ethical components and social implications on corporations. This research will provide information on how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act affects smaller organizations and how it encourages employees to inform of wrong doings. Brief Synopsis of Sarbanes-Oxley The U.S. Congress passed the Sarbanes-OxleyRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20021557 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Fraud: What Led to the Creation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was created in reaction to the increasing number of accounting fraud scandals in the late nineties and early 2000 s. One example of an accounting scandal that occurred was Enron. Andrew Fastow, the CFO at the time, created phony partnerships and companies, keeping separate books for these companies. He convinced some of the major banks to invest in these companies. The Vice-PresidentRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Memo1410 Words   |  6 PagesAugust 22, 2005 SUBJECT: Sarbanes-Oxley recommendations As consultants for Ancher Public Trading (APT), Learning Team A would like to discuss the implications of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) legislation. This memorandum provides a brief history of SOX ¡Ã‚ ¦s creation, explains the relationship amongst the FASB, SEC and PCAOB, describes the pros and cons of SOX, assesses the impacts of SOX, and lists ethical considerations of SOX. History of SOX - the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is legislation in responseRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act And Its Effect On Businesses1542 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In 2002 the Sarbanes-Oxley Act passed by the U.S. Congress to protect shareholders and the general public from accounting errors and fraudulent practices in the enterprise, as well as improve the accuracy of corporate disclosures. With the research I have done I believe that with the act being accepted and pass made a big change for all organizations, large and small. Keywords: U.S Congress, Organizations,Research, Sarbanes-Oxley, Accounting the Sarbanes-OxleyRead MoreInternal Auditing : Corporate Fraud, Greed For Power, Money, And Influence1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this research is to provide a summary outline on internal auditing by uncovering motives behind corporate fraud, executives greed for power, money and influence. These issues will include a transitory story of the Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) scandal which results in fraudulent corporate practices using the fixed pricing scheme. If internal auditing practices were implemented at ADM may have saved investors and customers millions of dollars. This topic shifts to company responsibilities

Streams of Silver 17. The Challenge Free Essays

string(51) " the stream of disturbing but necessary questions\." They left under stars and did not stop until stars filled the sky once again. Bruenor needed no support. Quite the opposite. We will write a custom essay sample on Streams of Silver 17. The Challenge or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was the dwarf, recovered from his delirium and his eyes focused at last upon a tangible path to his long-sought goal, who drove them, setting the strongest pace since they had come out of Icewind Dale. Glassy-eyed and walking both in past and present, Bruenor’s obsession consumed him. For nearly two hundred years he had dreamed of this return, and these last few days on the road seemed longer than the centuries that had come before. The companions had apparently beaten their worst enemy: time. If their reckoning at the Holdfast was correct, Mithril Hall loomed just a few days away, while the short summer had barely passed its midpoint. With time no longer a pressing issue, Drizzt, Wulfgar, and Regis had anticipated a moderate pace as they prepared to leave the Holdfast. But Bruenor, when he awoke and learned of the discoveries, would hear no arguments about his rush. None were offered, though, for in the excitement, Bruenor’s already surly disposition had grown even fouler. â€Å"Keep yer feet moving!† he kept snapping at Regis, whose little legs could not match the dwarf’s frantic pace. â€Å"Ye should’ve stayed in Ten-Towns with yer belly hanging over yer belt!† The dwarf would then sink into quiet grumbling, bending even lower over his pumping feet, and driving onward, his ears blocked to any remarks that Regis might shoot back or any comments forthcoming from Wulfgar or Drizzt concerning his behavior. They angled their path back to the Rauvin, to use its waters as a guide. Drizzt did manage to convince Bruenor to veer back to the northwest as soon as the peaks of the mountain range came into view. The drow had no desire to meet any patrols from Nesme again, certain that it was that city’s warning cries that had forced Alustriel to keep him out of Silverymoon. Bruenor found no relaxation at the camp that night, even though they had obviously covered far more than half the distance to the ruins of Settlestone. He stomped about the camp like a trapped animal, clenching and unclenching his gnarly fists and mumbling to himself about the fateful day when his people had been pushed out of Mithril Hall, and the revenge he would find when he at last returned. â€Å"Is it the potion?† Wulfgar asked Drizzt later that evening as they stood to the side of the camp and watched the dwarf. â€Å"Some of it, perhaps,† Drizzt answered, equally concerned about his friend. â€Å"The potion has forced Bruenor to live again the most painful experience of his long life. And now, as the memories of that past find their way into his emotions, they keenly edge the vengeance that has festered within him all these years.† â€Å"He is afraid,† Wulfgar noted. Drizzt nodded. â€Å"This is the trial of his life. His vow to return to Mithril Hall holds within it all the value that he places upon his own existence.† â€Å"He pushes too hard,† Wulfgar remarked, looking at Regis, who had collapsed, exhausted, right after they had supped. â€Å"The halfling cannot keep the pace.† â€Å"Less than a day stands before us,† Drizzt replied. â€Å"Regis will survive this road, as shall we all.† He patted the barbarian on the shoulder and Wulfgar, not fully satisfied, but resigned to the fact that he could not sway the dwarf, moved away to find some rest. Drizzt looked back to the pacing dwarf, and his dark face bore a look of deeper concern than he had revealed to the young barbarian. Drizzt truly wasn’t worried about Regis. The halfling always found a way to come through better off than he should. Bruenor, though, troubled the drow. He remembered when the dwarf had crafted Aegis-fang, the mighty warhammer. The weapon had been Bruenor’s ultimate creation in a rich career as a craftsman, a weapon worthy of legend. Bruenor could not hope to outdo that accomplishment, nor even equal it. The dwarf had never put hammer to anvil again. Now the journey to Mithril Hall, Bruenor’s lifelong goal. As Aegis-fang had been Bruenor’s finest crafting, this journey would be his highest climb. The focus of Drizzt’s concern was more subtle, and yet more dangerous, than the success or failure of the search; the dangers of the road affected all of them equally, and they had accepted them willingly before starting out. Whether or not the ancient halls were reclaimed, Bruenor’s mountain would be crested. The moment of his glory would be passed. â€Å"Calm yourself, good friend,† Drizzt said, moving beside the dwarf. â€Å"It’s me home, elf!† Bruenor shot back, but he did seem to compose himself a bit. â€Å"I understand,† Drizzt offered. â€Å"It seems that we shall indeed look upon Mithril Hall, and that raises a question we must soon answer.† Bruenor looked at him curiously, though he knew well enough what Drizzt was getting at. â€Å"So far we have concerned ourselves only with finding Mithril Hall, and little has been said of our plans beyond the entrance to the place.† â€Å"By all that is right, I am King of the Hall,† Bruenor growled. â€Å"Agreed,† said the drow, â€Å"but what of the darkness that may remain? A force that drove your entire clan from the mines. Are we four to defeat it?† â€Å"It may have gone on its own, elf,† Bruenor replied in a surly tone, not wanting to face the possibilities. â€Å"For all our knowing, the halls may be clean.† â€Å"Perhaps. But what plans have you if the darkness remains?† Bruenor paused for a moment of thought. â€Å"Word’ll be sent to Icewind Dale,† he answered. â€Å"Me kin’ll be with us in the spring.† â€Å"Barely a hundred strong!† Drizzt reminded him. â€Å"Then I’ll call to Adbar if more be needed!† Bruenor snapped. â€Å"Harbromm’ll be glad to help, for a promise of treasure.† Drizzt knew that Bruenor wouldn’t be so quick to make such a promise, but he decided to end the stream of disturbing but necessary questions. You read "Streams of Silver 17. The Challenge" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Sleep well,† he bid the dwarf. â€Å"You shall find your answers when you must.† The pace was no less frantic the morning of the next day. Mountains soon towered above them as they ran along, and another change came over the dwarf. He stopped suddenly, dizzied and fighting for his balance. Wulfgar and Drizzt were right beside him, propping him up. â€Å"What is it?† Drizzt asked. â€Å"Dwarvendarrow,† Bruenor answered in a voice that seemed far removed. He pointed to an outcropping of rock jutting from the base of the nearest mountain. â€Å"You know the place?† Bruenor didn’t answer. He started off again, stumbling, but rejecting any offers of help. His friends shrugged helplessly and followed. An hour later, the structures came into view. Like giant houses of cards, great slabs of stone had been cunningly laid together to form dwellings, and though they had been deserted for more than a hundred years, the seasons and the wind had not reclaimed them. Only dwarves could have imbued such strength into the rock, could have laid the stones so perfectly that they would last as the mountains themselves lasted, beyond the generations and the tales of the bards, so that some future race would look upon them in awe and marvel at their construction without the slightest idea of who had created them. Bruenor remembered. He wandered into the village as he had those many decades ago, a tear rimming his gray eye and his body trembling against the memories of the darkness that had swarmed over his clan. His friends let him go about for a while, not wanting to interrupt the solemn emotions that had found their way through his thick hide. Finally, as afternoon waned, Drizzt moved over to him. â€Å"Do you know the way?† he asked. Bruenor looked up at a pass that climbed along the side of the nearest mountain. â€Å"Half a day,† he replied. â€Å"Camp here?† Drizzt asked. â€Å"It would do me good,† said Bruenor. â€Å"I’ve much to think over, elf. I’ll not forget the way, fear not.† His eyes narrowed in tight focus at the trail he had fled on the day of darkness, and he whispered, â€Å"I’ll never forget the way again.† * * * Bruenor’s driven pace proved fortunate for the friends, for Bok had easily continued along the drow’s trail outside of Silverymoon and had led its group with similar haste. Bypassing the Holdfast altogether – the tower’s magical wards would not have let them near it in any case – the golem’s party had made up considerable ground. In a camp not far away, Entreri stood grinning his evil smile and staring at the dark horizon, and at the speck of light he knew to be the campfire of his victim. Catti-brie saw it, too, and knew that the next day would bring her greatest challenge. She had spent most of her life with the battle-seasoned dwarves, under the tutelage of Bruenor himself. He had taught her both discipline and confidence. Not a facade of cockiness to hide deeper insecurities, but a true self-belief and measured evaluation of what she could and could not accomplish. Any trouble that she had finding sleep that night was more due to her eagerness to face this challenge than her fear of failure. They broke camp early and arrived at the ruins just after dawn. No more anxious than Bruenor’s party, though, they found only the remnants of the companions’ campsite. â€Å"An hour – perhaps two,† Entreri observed, bending low to feel the heat of the embers. â€Å"Bok has already found the new trail,† said Sydney, pointing to the golem moving off toward the foothills of the closest mountain. A smile filled Entreri’s face as the thrill of the chase swept over him. Catti-brie paid little attention to the assassin, though, more concerned with the revelations painted on Jierdan’s face. The soldier seemed unsure of himself. He took up after them as soon as Sydney and Entreri started behind Bok, but with forced steps. He obviously wasn’t looking forward to the pending confrontation, as were Sydney and Entreri. Catti-brie was pleased. They charged ahead through the morning, dodging sharp ravines and boulders, and picking their way up the side of the mountains. Then, for the first time since he had begun his search more than two years before, Entreri saw his prey. The assassin had come over a boulder-strewn mound and was slowing his strides to accommodate a sharp dip into a small dell thick with trees, when Bruenor and his friends broke clear of some brush and made their way across the facing of a steep slope far ahead. Entreri dropped into a crouch and signaled for the others to slow behind him. â€Å"Stop the golem,† he called to Sydney, for Bok had already disappeared into the copse below him and would soon come crashing out of the other side and onto another barren mound of stone, in clear sight of the companions. Sydney rushed up. â€Å"Bok, return to me!† she yelled as loudly as she dared, for while the companions were far in the distance, the echoes of noises on the mountainside seemed to carry forever. Entreri pointed to the specks moving across the facing ahead of them. â€Å"We can catch them before they get around the side of the mountain,† he told Sydney. He jumped back to meet Jierdan and Catti-brie, and roughly bound Catti-brie’s hands behind her back. â€Å"If you cry out, you will watch your friends die,† he assured her. â€Å"And then your own end will be most unpleasant.† Catti-brie painted her most frightened look across her face, all the while pleased that the assassin’s latest threat seemed quite hollow to her. She had risen above the level of terror that Entreri had played against her when they had first met back in Ten-Towns. She had convinced herself, against her instinctive revulsion of the passionless killer, that he was, after all, only a man. Entreri pointed to the steep valley below the facing and the companions. â€Å"I will go through the ravine,† he explained to Sydney, â€Å"and make the first contact. You and the golem continue along the path and close in from behind.† â€Å"And what of me?† Jierdan protested. â€Å"Stay with the girl!† Entreri commanded, as absently as if he was speaking to a servant. He spun away and started off, refusing to hear any arguments. Sydney did not even turn to look at Jierdan as she stood waiting for Bok’s return. She had no time for such squabbles and figured that if Jierdan could not speak for himself, he wasn’t worth her trouble. â€Å"Act now,† Catti-brie whispered to Jierdan, â€Å"for yerself and not for me!† He looked at her, more curious than angry, and vulnerable to any suggestions that might help him from this uncomfortable position. â€Å"The mage has thrown all respect for ye, man,† Catti-brie continued. â€Å"The assassin has replaced ye, and she’d be liken to stand by him above ye. This is yer chance to act, yer last one if me eyes be tellin’ me right! Time to show the mage yer worth, Soldier of Luskan!† Jierdan glanced about nervously. For all of the manipulations he expected from the woman, her words held enough truth to convince him that her assessment was correct. His pride won over. He spun on Catti-brie and smacked her to the ground, then rushed past Sydney in pursuit of Entreri. â€Å"Where are you going?† Sydney called after him, but Jierdan was no longer interested in pointless talk. Surprised and confused, Sydney turned to check on the prisoner. Catti-brie had anticipated this and she groaned and rolled on the hard stone as though she had been knocked senseless, though in truth she had turned enough away from Jierdan’s blow that he had merely glanced her. Fully conscious and coherent, her movements were calculated to position her where she could slip her tied hands down around her legs and bring them up in front of her. Catti-brie’s act satisfied Sydney enough so that the mage put her attention fully on the coming confrontation between her two comrades. Hearing Jierdan’s approach, Entreri had spun on him, his dagger and saber drawn. â€Å"You were told to stay with the girl!† he hissed. â€Å"I did not come on this journey to play guard to your prisoner!† Jierdan retorted, his own sword out. The characteristic grin made its way onto Entreri’s face again. â€Å"Go back,† he said one last time to Jierdan, though he knew, and was glad, that the proud soldier would not turn away. Jierdan took another step forward. Entreri struck. Jierdan was a seasoned fighter, a veteran of many skirmishes, and if Entreri expected to dispatch him with a single thrust, he was mistaken. Jierdan’s sword knocked the blow aside and he returned the thrust. Recognizing the obvious contempt that Entreri showed to Jierdan, and knowing the level of the soldier’s pride, Sydney had feared this confrontation since they had left the Hosttower. She didn’t care if one of them died now – she suspected that it would be Jierdan – but she would not tolerate anything that put her mission in jeopardy. After the drow was safely in her hands, Entreri and Jierdan could settle their differences. â€Å"Go to them!† she called to the advancing golem. â€Å"Stop this fight!† Bok turned at once and rushed toward the combatants, and Sydney, shaking her head in disgust, believed that the situation would soon be under control and they could resume their hunt. What she didn’t see was Catti-brie rising up behind her. Catti-brie knew that she had only one chance. She crept up silently and brought her clasped hands down on the back of the mage’s neck. Sydney dropped straight to the hard stone and Catti-brie ran by, down into the copse of trees, her blood coursing through her veins. She had to get close enough to her friends to yell a clear warning before her captors overtook her. Just after Catti-brie slipped into the thick trees, she heard Sydney gasp, â€Å"Bok!† The golem swung back at once, some distance behind Catti-brie, but gaining with each long stride. Even if they had seen her flight, Jierdan and Entreri were too caught up in their own battle to be concerned with her. â€Å"You shall insult me no more!† Jierdan cried above the clang of steel. â€Å"But I shall!† Entreri hissed. â€Å"There are many ways to defile a corpse, fool, and know that I shall practice every one on your rotting bones.† He pressed in harder, his concentration squarely on his foe, his blades gaining deadly momentum in their dance. Jierdan countered gamely, but the skilled assassin had little trouble in meeting all of his thrusts with deft parries and subtle shifts. Soon the soldier had exhausted his repertoire of feints and strikes, and he hadn’t even come close to hitting his mark. He would tire before Entreri – he saw that clearly even this early in the fight. They exchanged several more blows, Entreri’s cuts moving faster and faster, while Jierdan’s double-handed swings slowed to a crawl. The soldier had hoped that Sydney would intervene by this point. His weakness of stamina had been clearly revealed to Entreri, and he couldn’t understand why the mage had not said anything about the battle. He glanced about, his desperation growing. Then he saw Sydney, lying face down on the stone†¦ An honorable way out, he thought, still more concerned with himself. â€Å"The, mage!† he cried to Entreri. â€Å"We must help her!† The words fell upon deaf ears. â€Å"And the girl!† Jierdan yelled, hoping to catch the assassin’s interest. He tried to break free of the combat, jumping back from Entreri and lowering his sword. â€Å"We shall continue this later,† he declared in a threatening tone, though he had no intention of engaging the assassin in a fair fight again. Entreri didn’t answer, but lowered his blades accordingly. Jierdan, ever the honorable soldier, turned about to see to Sydney. A jeweled dagger whistled into his back. * * * Catti-brie stumbled along, unable to hold her balance with her hands bound together. Loose stone slipped beneath her and more than once she tumbled to the ground. As agile as a cat, she was up quickly. But Bok was the swifter. Catti-brie fell again and rolled over a sharp crest of stone. She started down a dangerous slope of slippery rocks, heard the golem stomping behind her, and knew that she could not possibly outrun the thing. Yet she had no choice. Sweat burned a dozen scrapes and stung her eyes, and all hope had flown from her. Still she ran, her courage denying the obvious end. Against her despair and terror, she found the strength to search for an option. The slope continued down another twenty feet, and right beside her was the slender and rotting stump of a long-dead tree. A plan came to her then, desperate, but with enough hope for her to try it. She stopped for a moment to survey the root structure of the rotting stump, and to estimate the effect that uprooting the thing might have on the stones. She backed a few feet up the slope and waited, crouched for her impossible leap. Bok came over the crest and bore down on her, rocks bouncing away from the heavy plodding of its booted feet. It was right behind her, reaching out with horrid arms. And Catti-brie leaped. She hooked the rope that bound her hands over the stump as she flew past, throwing all of her weight against the hold of its roots. Bok lumbered after her, oblivious to her intentions. Even as the stump toppled, and the network of dead roots pulled up from the ground, the golem couldn’t understand the danger. As the loose stones shifted and began their descent, Bok kept its focus straight ahead on its prey. Catti-brie bounced down ahead and to the side of the rockslide. She didn’t try to rise, just kept rolling and scrambling in spite of the pain to gain every inch between herself and the crumbling slope. Her determination got her to the thick trunk of an oak, and she rolled around behind it and turned back to look at the slope. Just in time to see the golem go down under a ton of bouncing stone. How to cite Streams of Silver 17. The Challenge, Essay examples

Strategic Planning and Community Involvement - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Planning and Community Involvement. Answer: Introduction: Neo-liberalism is an old concept developed lately and became prominent with consideration of the economic stability in various places and countries in all over the world (Sager Tore, 2011). Darwin, which is historically, geographically, strategically located and considered in regard to tourism and related with the influence of neo-liberalism, in the respective tourism industry, the place has been critically analyzed against the share of public and private. A thesis is proposed to develop the Darwin Waterfront Precinct, mixed with the local areas, by imbibing the concept of neoliberalism, towards with the aimed priority of increasing the local and tourist economy. Darwin Waterfront Precinct is geographically located in Darwin, in Northern Territory in Australia. Darwin is considered as a cosmopolitan city, though is small, with population of 110,000 and stands as NTs tropical capital city. Today, Darwin Waterfront has become an apt weekend destination for the following features. WWII oil storage tunnels Travelers walk The pump house Stokes hill wharf Larrakia secrete site, present in strokes hill Hughes avenue Bombing of Darwin The other tourist attractions, from Darwin pace are Goyder Park, Darwin wave pool, waterfront lagoon, Deckchair cinema, Darwin convention center, apartments, shops, etc. Unique cosmopolitan makeup of Darwin is recognized by the Australian National Trust management, as multicultural icon of national significance. The distinctive Darwin waterfront characteristics are man-made beach, wave pool, restaurants, bars and two natural wharfs. Other important natural attractions are George Brown Darwin botanic gardens, Bicentennial Park, Lake Alexander, Charles Darwin National Park and Casuarina Coastal Reserve. Urban Design Strategies for Development Waterfront Precinct in Darwin is an urban design strategy for the development, as it is built over the reclaimed land, in between Fort Hill and Strokes Hill, from Kitchener Bay. As the part of the design, the Fort Hill was removed to create new space. As another part of design strategy, Darwin oil storage tunnels had been built, towards the navys oil protection, from the attacks by the Japanese, during the World War II. Two Darwin oil storage tunnels are made open for access to the public (Oakley, 2009). The transport strategies involve heading Darwin, through Chartair, regional link and Darwin international airport. The city is reachable by sea, by train and by road. The temporal capital city, Darwin is both dry and humid, in a year. Darwin is a place with an identified infrastructure and natural tourism elements exist. The place is chosen, as it is one of the most prominent tourist places, where multi-culture is found, since people from 50 cities have landed and made their living. Local influence is not much, as eco-tourism is not taken place in Darwin, through is present in other parts of Australia. Technically, Darwin place is public. However, the place was occupied more by the private realtors, who have built various restaurants, resorts and many commercial business structures. And some of these areas are restricted from the public access (Blanco et al, 2009). Neo-liberalism is an idea born in nineteenth century and resurged in 20th century and the idea has association with laissez-faire economic liberalism. The idea focuses on free trade, austerity, privatization, deregulation and government spending reduction, for increasing the private sector role in the society and economy. So, neo-liberalism can be conceived as economic liberalization. The idea had paradigm shifted away the consensus of post-war Keynesian, lasting in 1980. Neo-liberalism is not considered to be a direct blueprint of governmental reform coherent strategy, but is considered to be government rationality that is highly path dependent. It demands the actors, technologies and institutions, enacting and disseminating across the geographical spaces, successfully. Finally, the concept of neolibaralism allowed the governmental effort to reshape and redevelop the Waterfront of Darwin to shift to international renowned Darwin, from a perception of a least known big country town. Finally, renewal and redeveloped Darwin waterfront is driven by paradigm of neo-liberal competitive city. More commonly, geo-economic and geo-political discources have been employed, towards and characterizing and identifying, as the problems that demand resolutions, and also strategies for rationalities that can be deployed to drive change to urban. The city eventually, has become one of the capitals for the tourists and lifestyle. Darwin waterfront has now been focused mixed use economy. Neo-liberalism has influenced the Darwin waterfront place and its development. The North Territory Government has taken the Darwin Tourism as a pet project, since at that point of time, private investment was lacked. Eventually, leading role was taken by the government of NT, for marketing and promotion of the Darwin place. And the newer development projects are also taken place by the government, towards developing the place with new tourism projects. Here, the governments role is critical in the Darwin tourism development and is the indication of institutional environment creation, for operation of the tourism industry. Eventually, the government gets more control, planning regulation, stimulation, entrepreneurial activity, coordination and promotion (Hall, 2000). It shows exceptional position of domination by the NT government, for tourism. Since most of the Darwin place is involved in tourism, it shows domination of government in Darwin place, as a whole (Berzins, 2007). The strategy followed by the government was interventionist approach. As far as the local government, the authorities are very limited (Pforr, 2001), since the government of NT became the leading tourism decision-maker. The prospects of tourism in Darwin was curtailed, devastated most of the infrastructure and city, by Cyclone Tracy, in 1974. However, Darwin reconstruction with consequent growth of strong population, a considerable momentum gained during 1980s. The growth has been continued, and the tourists increased to 720,000 visitors for a year, contributing more than 50% of visitors to NT and eventually, Darwin has become the most visited destination, in the NT. The average stay of visitors in Darwin is about 7 nights, which is the longer than the other part of the Territory Tourism NT, 2009). Going forward, Darwin has gained substantial market for the tourism business, reaching approximately, 23% of total market of visitors. The market is also grown to an extent that the market of strong visiting friends and relatives moved to 15% of total visitor market (Tourism Research Australia, 2009).today, Darwin tourism has got its share of 7% of Darwin labour force, who got employment in the food beve rage and accommodation sectors and tourism in Darwin stands, as one of the largest set of employers in private sector (Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2008). Darwin Waterfront Development In recent years, Darwin has received enormous investment in the redevelopment of the infrastructure of the tourism, far more than the investment made in the other parts of the NT tourism. One of the important infrastructure projects was huge and $1.1 billion for the Darwin waterfront redevelopment, in which the new convention centre construction was taken place, as part of it (Forster, 2006). Other significant reconstruction are artificial swimming lagoon, having hotels, wave pool, residential apartments, holiday apartments, cruise ship terminal, retail space, restaurants, along with walkway bridge covered, to link the precinct of waterfront with the centre of the city. After the project of waterfront, the investment and construction have boomed in the city center of Darwin with new apartment complexes, hotels and several entertainment venues, upgraded and newly built. Here, the government of NT, encourages investment and partnership of the private investment, strongly and even offered subsidizing, from the other investment parties. It shows influence of neo-liberalism, allowing free market with inviting and encouraging the investors in the redevelopment of Darwin waterfront and city (Girald, et al, 2014). Here, though such increase of private and free market investment are seemed to be positive for the development of the city, in the view of short-term economic growth, however, the long-term impact from these developments are understood to be still extensive involvement of the government. It still indicates that the government to be extensive and sole decision-maker, in the design and development of Darwin, and the equity of the private stakeholders is still substantially reduced, which shows lower influence of neo-liberalism (Simpson, 2001). When the government support is continuous resilience for investment in Darwin infrastructure, development, distribution and marketing, it could create a sort of dependency culture among the players of private industry and it would stifle the private investment and home-grown initiatives, which eventually could lock the industry to become the path of permanent dependency development (Kneafsey, 2000). Some important cultural aspects of Darwin are Darwin festival, aboriginal art awards, Heineken hottest sevens in the world, arafura games, Darwin cup carnival, etc. When the number of international visitors became down, the government has shown its efforts only towards capturing the domestic market, by announcing publicly as both the opposition parties and tourism industry made calls, for the government to allocate additional fund for marketing. The examples are recent marketing funds boost, after the 2008 global financial crisis and Arafura rescue package, the extra promotion and compensation payment funds to Darwin. It was done after the Arafura Games cancellation, in 2003, because of the SARS outbreak. Tourism marketing was supported by the government, by the announcement of $15 million, towards support for marketing of the tourism, to ride out the then global financial slowdown. The primary strategy Darwin urban development is turning it to the best tourism places, to create more jobs, though short-term and boost the local economy, through focus and investment in the showy and large infrastructure. Gradually, the investment is increased from the external investors shows increased influence of neo-liberalism. It is a positive sign for the free economic market. The waterfront precinct of Darwin is one of the most important tourism infrastructure investments. The government endorsed in 1990s, for a major Darwin Wharf redevelopment, aiming to convert it to a vibrant harbor city and to be recognized internationally. And the project was labeled as the biggest investment of tourism in the history of Territory, officially. The project development was initiated with the pubic-private partnership, with government as main driving force, having its investment of $150 million. The neo-liberalism influence has resulted in waterfront pet project to be shaped to todays picture of Darwin waterfront. Waterfront is shaped with inclusion of huge installation of public art, apartments, water park and convention centre. The waterfront is strategized to enrich with passenger terminal for visiting of the cruise ships. Development of Built Environment The built environment has been drastically changed after the commencement of the waterfront project. It influenced with immediate spill-over effects, in the city centre for the accommodation sector, with short-term rental and holiday accommodation. The bed crisis was eased by new accommodation developments encouragement, by the Tourism and government in NT, on several occasions. The development eventually has given spin-offs for the whole economy of Territory. One of the significant strategies developed and followed by the government of NT was to encourage the tourism infrastructure and accommodation construction and increase local employment, especially, when the number of tourists was projected to decrease. Though it was mentioned in very few articles, the fact remains that most of the investing companies are externally based, such as SKyCity, Toga Hotels, Saville Hotel Group, etc. It may not completely justify the influence of neo-liberalism, though. A tourism restaurant is strategically placed and built that the customers can overlook the harbor (Adlam, 2006). It is indicated as cultural infrastructural growth. It appears to be creative to the creative industry customers touristic eye. CBD is one of the important tourist places along with Darwin waterfront and so a walkway is constructed, connecting these two potential tourist places. Urban form is considered to have huge buildings, entertainment hubs, while all the facilities are available for living, improving the quality and standards of life. So, Darwin Convention Center is proposed to build, as an auditorium that has the capacity of 1500 seating, along with huge exhibition space of 4000 sq. m., wave logon, seal wall construction, open public space, with enough space for car parking, in multi-stories. Big apartment hotel with 121 rooms, another hotel with capacity of 120 rooms, along with many residential apartments, reaching and more than 138 are proposed and built. Apart from 138 residential and huge apartment hotel, both retail and commercial apartments are built, with mixed usage of retail and commercial component. The creative potential of Darwin and Darwin waterfront lies in the public spaces that are racially mixed. Today, Darwin stands as one of the greatest topical cities in the world. CBD and pedestrian mall struggle with sales figures and visitor number decline. Local business operators hope for increased effects of flow, from convention visitors in the Central Business District. Here, the sole decision maker, the government influence the local business. Since the connection between CBD and waterfront is poor, any new construction or waterfront development can hardly benefit. Conclusion The research and critical analysis indicate that the tourism development of Darwin, by the substantial NT Government involvement has been from early 2000s and the share of the private partnership has been increased during 21st century and eventually, the partnership of private and free market signs are considerably less, as there is strong presence and involvement of government is seen, in terms of planning, regulation, strategic development in developing and urbanizing the Darwin place and so the city. Though neo-liberalism is seen in this place, from 21st century, the share is still minor and role of government continues to dominate. Industry dependence and lack of private investment on government show continued domination of the marketing and development of tourism by the NT Government (Tourism NT, 2008). Tourism, which is an economic industry, has not been evolved as a process of organic growth, completely and appears to be an industry that is artificial government driven, whose objective is supposed to be local economy boost, simulating the employment and economic activity, in real estate and construction industries. As the Darwin tourism is still reliant on the investment and continuous support of the government and external investors, it may take longer time to be breeding ground for the innovation and entrepreneurship locally and become more independent economic system. References Adlam, N (2006) Clare Wants Makeover. Northern Territory News, November 26, 2. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2007) 2006 Census Community Profile Series - Darwin City: Basic Community Profile, Catalogue No. 2001.0, Retrieved from https://www.abs.gov.au/census, accessed 11 October 2017. Baum, T. (1999). The Decline of the Traditional North Atlantic Fisheries and Tourisms Response: The Cases of Iceland and Newfoundland, Current Issues in Tourism 2(1), pp. 47-67. Berzins, B. (2007). Australias Northern Secret: Tourism in the Northern Territory, 1920s to 1980s (Sydney: self-published). Blanco, H,. Marina, M,. Forsyth, A,. Krizek, K.J,. Rodr?guez, D.A,. Talen,E. Ellis, C,.(2009). Hot, congested, crowded and diverse: Emerging research agendas in planning, Progress in Planning. 71(4),153205. Bow, V Buys, L (2003), Sense of community and place attachment: the natural environment plays a vital role in developing a sense of community, pp,1-18, Paper presented to the Social Change in the 21st century conference Centre for social Change research Queensland University of technology, Retrieved from . https://eprints.qut.edu.au/115/1/BowBuys.pdf. accessed on 11 October 2017. Carter, C. (2006). Tourism funding `wrong', Northern Territory News, 31 July 2006. Design in Flagship Cultural Development, Journal of Urban Design, 13:2, 195-212, DOI:10.1080/13574800801965742 Ellis, C. (2002). The New Urbanism: Critiques and Rebuttals. Journal of Urban Design, 7(3), 261-291. doi:10.1080/1357480022000039330 Forster, C.A.(2006). The challenge of change: Australian cities and urban planning in the new, millennium, Geographical Research. Girard, L.F, Kourtit, K Nijkmap, P. (2014).Waterfront Areas as Hotspots of Sustainable and Creative Development of Cities. Sustainability, 2014(6).doi: 10.3390/su6074580 Gleeson,B Low N.(2000). Revaluing planning Rolling back neo-liberalism in Australia, Progress in Planning, 53, 83-164, doi:10.1016/S0305-9006(99)00022-7 Grodach,C. (2008) Museums as Urban Catalysts: The Role of Urban Hall, C.M. (2000). Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships (Harlow: Pearson Education). Howlett, M. and Brownsey, K. (2008). Introduction: Toward a Post-Staples State? In M. Howlett and K. Brownsey (Eds.) Canadas Resource Economy in Transition: The Past, Present, and Future of Canadian Staples Industries, pp. 3-15 (Toronto: Emond Montgomery Publications). Kenworthy, J.R.(2006),The eco-city: ten key transport and planning dimensions for sustainable city development, Environment and Urbanization,.18,67-84,doi: 10.1177/0956247806063947 Kneafsey, M. (2000). Tourism, Place Identities and Social Relations in the European Rural Periphery, European Urban and Regional Studies 7(1), pp. 35-50. Oakley, S. (2009) Governing Urban waterfront renewal the politics opportunities and challenges for the inner harbour of Port Adelaide Australia, Australian Geographer, 40(9), 297-319. DOI: 10.1080/00049180903127747 Pforr, C. (2001). Tourism Policy in Australias Northern Territory: A Policy Process Analysis of its Tourism Development Masterplan, Current Issues in Tourism 4(2-4), pp. 275-307. Randolph, B (2006).Delivering the compact city in Australia: current trends and future implications, City Futures Research Centre, Research Paper No.6, Faculty of the Built Environment, University of New South Wales, pp. 1-31. Retrieved from https://www.be.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/upload/researchpaper6.pdf, accessed on 11 October 2017. Sager, Tore (2011). Neo-liberal urban planning policies: A literature survey 19902010. Progress in Planning,76(4), 147199. Simpson, K. (2001). Strategic Planning and Community Involvement as Contributors to Sustainable Tourism Development, Current Issues in Tourism 4(1), pp. 3- 41. Tourism NT (2008a). Tourism NT Annual Report 2007-2008, Tourism NT (2008b). Five Year Tourism Strategic Plan: A plan to guide the direction and success of the Northern Territory tourism industry 2008 to 2012. Tourism NT (2009). Regional Tourism Profile: Darwin, Retrieved from www.tourismnt.com.au/nt/system/galleries/download/NTTC_Research/Darwin _YE_Dec06-08.pdf, accessed on 11 October 2017. Tourism Research Australia (2009). National and International Visitor Data, CD Mota online, https://traonline.australia.com/, accessed on 11 October 2017.

Tell Tale Heart Essay Example For Students

Tell Tale Heart Essay TRUE!- nervousvery, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses- not destroyed not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in heaven and on earth. I heard many How, then am I mad? Harken! and observe how healthily, how calmly I can tell you the whole It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object- there was none. Passion-there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I thinkit washis eye. Yes! it was this! One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture.a pale blue eyewith a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold. And so, by degreesvery graduallyI made up my min to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself Now this is the point. You fancy me Mad. Madmen know nothing! But you should have seen me! You should seen me. We will write a custom essay on Tell Tale Heart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now You should have seen how wisely I proceededwith what Cautionwith what foresightwith what dissimulation I went to work. I was never kinder to the old man than during that the whole week before I killed him. And every nightAbout midnight-I turned the latch of his door and opened itOh so gently. And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern, all closed, closed, so that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly-very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old mans sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha!-would a madman have been so wise as this? And then, when my head was well in the room, I undid the lantern cautiously-oh, so cautiously for the hinges creaked. I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights-every night just at midnight-but I found the eye always closed; and so it was impossible to do the work; for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye. And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into the chamber, and spoke courageously to him calling him by name in a hearty tone, and inquiring how he had passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man, indeed, to suspect that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watchs minute-hand moves more quickly than did mine. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own powers-of my sagacity. I could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph. To think that there I was, opening the door, little by little, and he not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea; and perhaps the heard me; for he moved on the bed suddenly, as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back-but no. His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness, and so I know that he could not see the opening of the door, and I kept pushing it on steadily, steadily. I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man spring up in the bed, crying out-Whos there? I kept quite still and said nothing. For a whole hour I did not move a muscle and in the meantime I did not hear him lie down. He was still sitting up in the bed, listening: just as I have done, night after night, hearkening to the death-watches in the wall. Presently I heard a slight groan, and I knew it was the groan of mortal terror. It was not a groan of pain or grief-oh,-no!-it was the low stifled sound that arises from the bottom of the . Tell Tale Heart Essay Example For Students Tell Tale Heart Essay Tell Tale Heart Essay True!nervousvery, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my sensesnot destroyednot dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heavens and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? . ..Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceededwith what cautionwith what foresightwith what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. It is impossible to say how the idea of murdering the old man first entered the mind of the narrator. There was no real motive as stated by the narrator: Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. We will write a custom essay on Tell Tale Heart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For his gold I had no desire. I think that it was his eye! The narrator states that one of the old mans eyes was a pale blue color with a film over it, which resembled the eye of a vulture. Just the sight of that eye made the narrators blood run cold, and as a result, the eye (and with it the old man) must be destroyed. Every night at midnight, the narrator went to the old mans room. Carefully, he turned the latch to the door, and opened it without making a sound. When a sufficient opening had been made, a covered lantern was thrust inside. I undid the lantern cautiously (for the hindges creaked)I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nightsbut I found the eye always closed; and so it was impossible to do the work; for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye. The old man suspected nothing. During the day, the narrator continued to perform his usual duties, and even dared to ask each morning how the old man had passed the night; however, at midnight, the nightly ritual continued. Upon the eighth night, the narrator proceeded to the old mans room as usual; however, on this night, something was different. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my powersof my sagacity. To think that I was, opening the door, little by little, and he not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea; and perhaps he heard me; for he moved on the bed suddenly, as if startled. Now you may think that I drew backbut no. His room was as black as pitch so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door.I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening.. .the old man sprang up in bed, crying outWhos there? The narrator kept quiet, and did not move for an entire hour. The old man did not lie back down; he was sitting up. Even in that darkness, I knew that he had been lying awake ever since the first slight noise .His fears had been ever since growing upon him. He had been trying to fancy them causeless, but could not. When I had waited a long time, very patiently I resolved to open a littlea very, very little crevice in the lantern. So I opened ityou cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthilyuntil, at length, a single dim ray, like the thread of a spider, shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye. The eye was wide open. I saw it with perfect distinctnessall a dull blue, with a hideous veil over it that chilled the very marrow in my bones .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 , .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 .postImageUrl , .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 , .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233:hover , .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233:visited , .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233:active { border:0!important; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233:active , .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233 .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueda0c3aeae1d95f32848d7bd02eb6233:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Juvenile Delinquency Essay.Nothing else of the old mans face or person could be seen. And now have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over-acuteness of the senses? For at that moment, the narrator heard the sound such as a watch would make when it is enveloped in cotton. I knew that sound well too. . Tell tale heart Essay Example For Students Tell tale heart Essay Ronald Reagan once said I am not smart enough to lie. Lies require a person to be extremely meticulous in fashion. One lie starts a chain reaction leading to more and more lies, and sometimes a different lie for a different person. It is like lying about an alibi in court. In order to stick to the alibi, more and more lies form, and eventually the lawyer finds things that do not match add up. Keeping all of the lies straight is so hard that mistakes are inevitable. In The Tell-Tale Heart, Edgar Allen Poe shows that lying and covering up the truth is essentially impossible unless that person bares no conscience. We will write a custom essay on Tell tale heart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In one way or another, whether it be on a conscious or unconscious level, people tend to betray themselves. Even the old man lied to himself in order to calm down, but eventually the truth caught up to him. As the narrator sat quietly in the room after he accidentally made a clamor, he thought of what the old man was thinking, and he said, He had been saying to himself-It is nothing but the wind in the chimney-it is only a mouse crossing the floor, or it is merely a cricket which has made a single chirp' (Poe 577). The old man was trying to convince himself that the racket he heard was nothing but the wind or a mouse. There was not a possibility that someone was creeping into his room, or that was what he hopes. Then the narrator went on to say, Yes, he had been trying to comfort himself with these suppositions; but he had found all in vein. All in vein; because Death, in approaching him, had stalked with his black shadow before him, and enveloped the victim(Poe 578). The old man just could not believe the lies he was telling himself because his conscious enabled the truth to linger in the back of his mind, and the truth was that someone was creeping in his room waiting for him to fall asleep. The narrator of the story faces a different struggle between himself and the truth. He was tormented by guilt after he murdered the old man, and so much so that he began to hear the old mans heart beat even after he was dead and buried. Kalu Singh, a civil servant and a Sessional Counselor in a University Counselling Service, stated, The voice of guilt is like a maddening, trashy pop song-unstoppable, a loop, a Laingian knot (Guilt 1). The guilt will build up inside like lava until it eventually overcomes him, and he can no longer keep it inside. At the end of the story when the police came to inquire about the noise the neighbors heard, the narrator thought to himself, The officers were satisfied. My manner had convinced them. I was singularly at ease (Poe 579). The narrator was proud of himself because he thought that he had done a splendid job, and it was no wonder that the officers did not find anything wrong in the house. Then he begins to think again, But, ere long, I felt my self getting pale and wished them gone. My head ached, and I fancied a ringing in my ears until, at length, I found that the noise was not within my ears It was a low, dull, quick sound-much such a sound as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton (Poe 579). The guilt haunted him in the form of the old mans heart beating, and finally he cracked. He said, Villains (the police officers)!.. dissemble no more! I admit the deed! -tear up the planks! -here, here! -it is the beating of his hideous heart! (Poe 580). The narrator was so paranoid that, even though the police knew nothing about the murder, he thought that they too heard the heart beat, and would refuse to leave until the truth was found. .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a , .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a .postImageUrl , .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a , .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a:hover , .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a:visited , .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a:active { border:0!important; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a:active , .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaea75c301b3e7133656031369acc843a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American Identity EssayA man without a conscience is a man without any worries. That man might be able to tell a lie and murder without even an inkling of guilt. However, a man with a conscience is not so lucky. That man can not be at ease until the truth has been told. Consider the words of Jesus Christ, as recorded in the bible by John, The truth will make you free (The King James Version, John 8:32). Nothing but the truth will bring peace, and the narrator of The Tell-Tale Heart learned this by the end of the story. The truth will always surface and bear up against falsehood, just as oil does above water. Tell tale heart Essay Example For Students Tell tale heart Essay True!nervousvery, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my sensesnot destroyednot dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heavens and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? . ..Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceededwith what cautionwith what foresightwith what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. It is impossible to say how the idea of murdering the old man first entered the mind of the narrator. There was no real motive as stated by the narrator: Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. We will write a custom essay on Tell tale heart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For his gold I had no desire. I think that it was his eye! The narrator states that one of the old mans eyes was a pale blue color with a film over it, which resembled the eye of a vulture. Just the sight of that eye made the narrators blood run cold, and as a result, the eye (and with it the old man) must be destroyed. Every night at midnight, the narrator went to the old mans room. Carefully, he turned the latch to the door, and opened it without making a sound. When a sufficient opening had been made, a covered lantern was thrust inside. I undid the lantern cautiously (for the hindges creaked)I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nightsbut I found the eye always closed; and so it was impossible to do the work; for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye. The old man suspected nothing. During the day, the narrator continued to perform his usual duties, and even dared to ask each morning how the old man had passed the night; however, at midnight, the nightly ritual continued. Upon the eighth night, the narrator proceeded to the old mans room as usual; however, on this night, something was different. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my powersof my sagacity. To think that I was, opening the door, little by little, and he not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea; and perhaps he heard me; for he moved on the bed suddenly, as if startled. Now you may think that I drew backbut no. His room was as black as pitch so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door.I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening.. .the old man sprang up in bed, crying outWhos there?' The narrator kept quiet, and did not move for an entire hour. The old man did not lie back down; he was sitting up. Even in that darkness, I knew that he had been lying awake ever since the first slight noise .His fears had been ever since growing upon him. He had been trying to fancy them causeless, but could not. When I had waited a long time, very patiently I resolved to open a littlea very, very little crevice in the lantern. So I opened ityou cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthilyuntil, at length, a single dim ray, like the thread of a spider, shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye. The eye was wide open. I saw it with perfect distinctnessall a dull blue, with a hideous veil over it that chilled the very marrow in my bones .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 , .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 .postImageUrl , .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 , .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037:hover , .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037:visited , .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037:active { border:0!important; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037:active , .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037 .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec559b196f6db1438366c46b0d29c037:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Midnights Children Essay.Nothing else of the old mans face or person could be seen. And now have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over-acuteness of the senses? For at that moment, the narrator heard the sound such as a watch would make when it is enveloped in cotton. I knew that sound well too. It was .

Info About Public Online High Schools

Info About Public Online High Schools Many states offer public online high schools to interested teens. Public online high schools are free to residents and are usually accredited by the proper regional board. These programs are only open to students living in their district or state boundaries. Unlike ​online charter schools (which are also considered public schools), state-controlled online programs tend to have greater stability and government support. Public Online High School Accreditation Public online high schools are generally overseen by their state’s department of education and tend to be regionally accredited. Before enrolling in a program, be sure to verify its accreditation. Some newer programs may not have received accreditation reviews. Public Online High School Costs Public online high schools are funded by the government and charge no tuition. Some of these virtual programs will even pay for a student’s curriculum, computer, and internet fees. Public Online High School Pros Students attending public online high schools are often able to earn a regionally accredited diploma at no cost. Their parents don’t need to worry about paying for expensive private virtual programs which can cost upwards of $1,500 a year. State-wide online public schools are generally working with the state’s education department. Unlike online charter schools, they are generally not viewed as a threat by local districts. They tend to be more stable and receive less public scrutiny. Public Online High School Cons Most public online high schools adhere to a strict curriculum and schedule. They are less flexible than the majority of online charter schools and private programs. Students attending public online high schools may not have access to many of the extracurricular activities and curriculum choices available through other alternatives. Public Online High School Profiles You can find information about programs in your area in the state-by-state list of public online high schools.

ISSUES IN PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE Assignment

ISSUES IN PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE - Assignment Example The achievement of professional nurse autonomy is one of the major milestones that had influenced the development of nursing profession and practice. Holland (1999) defines professional nurse autonomy as the nurse perceived latitude or willingness to act as a responsible professional, independent from medical profession but interdependent to allied-health professions (p. 311). The traditional view of professional autonomy differs among gender. It had been evident during the time of Nightingale and the Crimean War where medical professionals rejected at first the offer of Florence Nightingale to help because of gender and professional prejudices. Male has been viewed as the dominant gender and doctors were superior to the nurses, limiting suggestions and decisions made by a nurse. Physicians viewed that collaborative care was only between physicians and clients and nurses are treated like servantsthan a powerful healer. But urgency of the circumstances had led the physician to accept the help of Florence Nightingale and 38 other nurses. Through Nightingale’s help, it was not only professional recognition of female nurses that has been achieved but the formal nursing education programs, reorganization, and advancement of professional nursing (Cherry & Jacob, 2011, 10). In addition, nurses were often oppressed and salaries were not sufficient during t he 1970s thus, nurses strive for economic stability and to the methods and ideals of science to gain professional recognition, equality, status, and rightful acceptance not only from the medical professions but also from the general public. Nursing has evolved from an indistinct, gender-biased, and physician-dependent profession to a notable field with independent nurse practitioners, both male and female in the health care arena. The struggles made by Nightingale addressed the need for nursing to be established as a profession, free from gender discrimination and separate

Corporate Governance in UK Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Governance in UK - Assignment Example The paper throws light on corporate managements that always work on corporate governance strategies so as to meet the increasingly changing market trends. The corporate governance policy also helps to manage the interrelationship between stakeholders and the organisation’s fundamental objectives which shape the way the firm operates. The top management is always eager to know whether its corporate governance policy is efficient enough to meet the shareholder values even though the management also focuses on impacts of the policy on the firm’s operational efficiency. Nowadays corporate governance frameworks specifically target internal check policies as a series of corporate failures in 2001 were ascribed to accounting fraud. In addition, corporate scandals of various forms throughout the last decade attainted public and political interest. Consequently, managements adopted more regulative approach towards the development and execution of corporate governance practices. As Laura points out, Continental Europe’s multi-stakeholder model specifically emphasises on the interests of workers, customers, managers, and suppliers whereas the Anglo-American corporate governance model values shareholder interests. However, every organisation takes into account the rights and privileges of its shareholders while framing its corporate governance policies. In addition, a corporate governance framework clearly states the roles and responsibilities of the board of directors, integrity and ethical standards of the organisation, and concerns of disclosure and transparency. It is observed that corporate governance practices vary from organisation to organisation and country to country. Corporate governance laws Corporate governance laws in UK clearly define rights, powers, and duties of directors, managers, and auditors, and the position of stakeholders including employees and communities in which companies operate. Since board of directors are the persons at the helm of affairs of a company, the corporate governance policies intent to establish a mechanism to ensure their accountability. According to Fairley (2010), the UK corporate governance law is â€Å"shareholder friendly† and it allows shareholders to enjoy their sole voting rights in the general meeting. Likewise, directors possess a series of basic rights including issue of resolutions and removal of board members. At the same time, directors have also a set of duties to be carried out toward their company. Directors are obliged to carry out their duties and responsibilities with competence, in good faith, and strong loyalty to the organisation. If the voting mechanisms seem to be inadequate to meet the interests of shareholders, directors’ rights may be questioned in a court of law. The UK Takeover Code protects the interests and rights of shareholders to a great extent and assists

Proposal paper; Claim of policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal paper; Claim of policy - Essay Example â€Å"Contentious Objectors† have no right to claim this status in America today. The United States Armed Forces, every branch, only inducts volunteers. Unlike many foreign countries, Turkey, China, and Israel, where military service is mandatory, the draft is not in effect today in America. Since joining the American military is voluntary, a soldier cannot later claim they did not want to be a soldier. The Iraqi war is not a popular one with American citizens or even Iraqi Veterans. One soldier, Senior Airman Tim Goodrich, even felt compelled to create a website called Iraq Veterans Against the War at http://www.ivaw.org/ (Dahr). Although Tim Goodrich created this site, he served his time in Iraq (Dahr). He is against the war, but felt the need to fulfil his duty. Tim Goodrich did not go AWOL like some of his fellow servicemen. Another soldier has entered politics to protest the war. Tammy Duckworth â€Å"is the only seriously wounded combat veteran running this year for Congress, whose ranks of members with military experience are at their lowest since World War II, according to Congressional Quarterly† (Stone). Creating a website and running for Congress are productive ways of protesting the war, unfortunately not all soldiers protest the war in these healthy ways. Sixty Minutes II reported â€Å"hundreds of American soldiers have broken the law and gone AWOL† since the beginning of the Iraqi war (Rather). These â€Å"Contentious Objectors† are numerous, but on Sixty Minutes II the focus was on Staff Sgt. Camilo Meji (Rather). Staff Sgt. Meji refused to return to Iraq because he felt President Bush and other leaders lied about weapons of mass destruction, but his platoon leader Tad Warfel responded by saying â€Å"His duty’s not to question myself or anybody higher than me,† and â€Å"We’re not paid in the military to form personal opinions or to doubt what our leaders say† (Rather). Both men feel very strongly about their opinions.

Depression: Neurobiological and Neuropsychological Models

Depression: Neurobiological and Neuropsychological Models A correlation of Neurobiological and Neuropsychological cognitive model toward Depression Abstract Depression is a chronic illness that has stirred centuries of debate regarding its mechanism. Notwithstanding the sharp contrast among theories that have been proposed to explain the underlying source of depression from different perspectives, all of them accept the fact that it affects body, mood and even thoughts of individuals and as World Health organization predicted, it is expected to be the second mental disorder by 2020. The most compelling models regarding the source of depression and its treatment in this realm are Monoamine model and cognitive model. Monoamine model claims that depression has a biological source and it is caused by neurochemical imbalance in individuals, whereas base on cognitive model impaired information processing and negative biases are the key factors in the development of depression. The present paper attempts to assert the missing point in each of these theories and propose an explanation about the mechanism and treatment from two similar perspectiv es: Cognitive Neurobiological and Cognitive Neuropsychological, which work as a combination of Monoamine and Cognitive model. Both of these models categorize biases based on two pathways: Bottom- Up and Top- Down processing. With the help of cognitive Neuropsychological model, it is shown how negative affective processing can be the main core of depression, while Neurobiological model will show how hyper activation and hypo activation in different brain regions can develop depression. Therefore, a correlation of both models can explain underlying source of depression and thus can be used for modifying depression symptoms. Definition: Depression is a universal mental disorder that has been growing at an alarming rate. It will be the second mental disorder by 2020; most people will be affected by depression in their lives either directly or indirectly, through a friend or family member. It is a severe and even painful disorder that will influence almost all aspects of sufferer’s life. Most people misdiagnose depression as feeling down, but depression is not a sign of weakness and is not the same as passing blue mood. According to UK medical reference, depression will be identified and categorized base on its symptoms, which is called ICD10 clinical criteria of depression and depends on the number of symptoms, types of depression, can be diagnosed. Symptoms are: Persistent sadness or low mood Loss of interests or pleasure Fatigue or low energy Disturbed sleep Poor concentration or indecisiveness Low self-confidence Poor or increased appetite Suicidal thoughts or acts Agitation or slowing of movements Guilt or self-blame If an individual suffer from 4 of these symptoms most of the time for at least 2 weeks, he/she will be diagnosed with mild depression, and with 5 to 6 of symptoms he/she suffer from moderate depression and in dangerous cases or severe depression, depressed person has more than 6 symptoms. Models of depression: A significant number of studies have been trying to reveal the mechanism of depression from different perspectives. Among the biologically based theories, the most reliable model that arguing reasonably about underlying source of depression and proposing acceptable treatment is Monoamine model. Monoamines are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that include serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. The basic concept is that neurotransmitter imbalance within the brain is the main core of depression and neurotransmitters can be balanced again by using antidepressant medication. Type of antidepressant medication depends on severity of symptoms; for patients suffering from dysphoria (low mood) SSRIs or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors can be used, while anhedonia patients (ones with the loss of energy and enjoyment of life) should be treated with norepinephrine and dopamine enhancing drugs (SNRIs). Despite their immediate effects at the synaptic level, in approximately 40 % of the cases, they are ineffective in the short time and 30% of patients will suffer from depression within 12 months after recovery. This result suggests that depression is not only the cause of chemical imbalance and psychological factors play an important role in its development. On the other hand, the most prominent and empirically based model of psychological factors of depression is cognitive model proposed by Aaron Beck in 1976. This model claims that negative affective biases, which are negative biases in perception, attention, emotional processing, thoughts and rumination and even memory, will affect individual’s information processing and lack of cognitive control over these negative biases are the main cores of depression. According to this model, depressed people are likely to experience different phenomena such as: negative cognitive triad, think negatively about themselves, their future and even the world; positive blockade, blocking positive information, inhi bitory deficits, inability to disengage from negative stimuli. The model defined depression like an infinite loop, which receive feedback from its components: Figure 1: cognitive model of depression Beck claimed that by the help of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral activation therapy (BA) negative biases and negative schemata of depressed people can be modified, however the reality was far from his thought and CBT and BA failed to cure depression, therefore scientists try to find a better explanation and treatment. Based on Beck’s cognitive model, two models have been proposed by researchers: Cognitive Neurobiological and Cognitive Neuropsychological model, which are built on the assumption that negative bottom-up and top-down biases are vital in development of depression. Cognitive neuropsychological model: This model was proposed in 2011 and is a combination of Monoamine model and Cognitive model. From neuropsychological perspective environmental factors, genetic factors and personality can change the function of monoamine neurotransmitters; this neurotransmitter imbalance causes negative affective processing biases, which is the impairment of information processing especially in emotional and reward processing and play the main role in development and treatment of depression; and finally the negative affective processing will cause negative schemata in depressed people. In comparison to healthy individuals, who process information in positive way, in depressed people the negative affective processing will change this automatic process more negatively. The difference between Neuropsychological model and cognitive model is in the formation of negative schemata; based on cognitive model negative schemata are a result of early hostile life experience and they influencing the information processing, while cognitive psychological model claims that negative schemata are not the direct result of life experience, instead they are caused by negative information processing biases. Neuropsychological model categorized negative biases proposed by cognitive model into two groups: Bottom- up biases and Top-down biases. Bottom-up biases: Negative biases that give rise to formation of negative schemata are called bottom-up biases and consist of perceptual biases especially negative emotional perception, negative thoughts and rumination and reward- punishment processing biases. Generally, healthy individual perceive positive information or less negative information from environment, while depression makes sufferers to perceive more negative information from a stimulus faster and filter out the positive information. In a study done by Persad and Polivy in 1993, they observed individuals with depression have difficulty when they were shown facial emotion; paucity in identification, perception and even sensation of facial emotion was common in these patients. A series of experiments were conducted as a support for this finding and in nearly all of them biases toward negative part of stimuli is reported. For example in another study, researchers found a reduced sensitivity toward happy faces, but an extreme sensitivity to sad faces. There is also neuroimaging evidence that support their result. There is a known pathway in perceiving information, which consists of Thalamus (responsible for the distribution of afferent signals), the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (region that relays top-down cognitive control from the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex) and the Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (a region that integrates emotional feedback from the limbic system and projects to higher-order cognitive structures). Information from environment will pass through this pathway from Thalamus to Amygdala, which is responsible for detecting emotion and finally with the help of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Amygdala activity will be controlled in order to not to perceive only negative information. Depressed individuals seem to have a longer and more intense Thalamus and Amygdala activity as a response to negative stimuli. They also showed greater activity in Subgenual Cingulate Cortex, which is a region connecting limbi c activity to higher cortical level (Prefrontal Cortex), whereas regions that are responsible for cognitive control, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex, showed a reduction in perceptional processing, which means less cognitive control over Amygdala and Thalamus, therefore more negative stimuli will be perceived. Figure 2: negative perceptional biases How we perceive emotion will determine how we think about our environmental events and ourselves. As currently said, depression will induce perception and as a result will alter individual’s thoughts in a negative way. Since Individuals are more likely to discern negative information, it is highly probable that their life events, especially ones that are related to their failure, determine their perspective toward themselves; they suffer from lack of self-steem, since they think they are useless, which gradually will cause more negative perception and more negative thoughts. This situation is like an infinite loop and is called rumination. Different brain regions involve in this process, which again prove lack of cognitive control in depression. As previously discussed, hyperactivity in the Amygdala and Hippocampus increase activity of Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (SCC), which is a connection between lower structural and cognitive part of brain and higher ones, therefore, Medial Prefrontal cortex (MPFC), a specific region that is in charge for internal representation of self, will be activated as a response negative information that is received from SCC. Beside the hyperactivation in these parts, there is hypoactivation in higher levels, especially in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex, cognitive control regions; this reduction causes less control over Amygdala and Hippocampus and result in more negative perceptuational biases. Figure 3: negative thoughts and rumination After this finding researchers went further and tried to determine how depression affects the reward and punishment process. Interestingly they indicate an exaggeration in negative performance feedback, while a reduction in reward seeking behavior. Neuroimaging evidence revealed an increased activity in the Amygdala as a response to negative situation and decrease activation in the Amygdala, Striatal regions, prefrontal cortex, Nuscleus Accumbens and Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex as a response to reward. This evidence supports the claim that was made earlier with respect to impairment cognitive control in depressed individuals. Top-down biases: These types of biases are negative biases that bolster the existence of depressive state and are composed of emotional attention and emotional memory. Not all the information we perceive from environment will be processed; only those that are attended will be selected for further processing. This selecting process in healthy individual is more in favor of positive stimuli, which means greater Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) activity when they successfully inhibit attention to positive stimuli, while in depressed individual this area cannot be activated in response to positive stimuli and are unable them to disengage their attention from negative stimuli. Disengagement attention requires a top-down mediation from high-level cortical regions, which in depression these regions cannot work properly. Moreover, depressed individuals suffer from lack of selecting and guiding their attention toward positive information and as a result they attend to more negative stimuli. Neuroimagin g studies reveled 4 brain regions that are responsible for the whole process of attention: Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC; associated with control over stimulus selection), Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC; associated with disengagement functioning), Superior Parietal Cortex (SPC; associated with shifts in gaze). Depression will affect the activity in these regions: Prefrontal Cortex, especially Perigenual ACC, including Brodmann areas 24, 25, and 32, which will cause negative attentional biases; reduced activity in the right VLPFC, therefore they are less likely to guide their attention toward positive stimuli; decreased activity in right DLPFC and right SPC, which cause an impaired disengagement from negative stimuli; greater activation in ACC when successfully inhibiting attention to negative stimuli and less activity as a response to positive stimuli. Figure 4: negative attentional biases Various researchers claimed that depressed individuals prefer to remember their failure or negative events rather than their success. Their argument is base on the result of differnet tasks in which depressed individuals showed biases in remembering negative stimulus, not for positive materials. They suggest that since these patients are highly probable to perceive and attend negatively, they are more likely to encoding and recalling negative information. Thanks to neuroimaging studies, their claim was proved. As we might know hippocampus is an essential region for episodic memory and is connected to amygdala and as already discussed Amygdala’s activity is increased toward negative stimuli, which lead to increase activity in Hippocampus as well as Caudate and Putamen, regions for implicit memory and skill learning, in negative situation and as result will bolster the recall probability of negative information. Figure 5: negative memory biases According to cognitive model, negative schemata are the most responsible source for developing depression. Base on Neurobiological model, there is a circuit that involve in forming belief and representation of individual’s life, environment and even themselves. The elements of this circuit are: Medial Prefrontal Cortex that is a higher cortical level responsible for internal representation, Anterior Cingulate Cortex that is an intermediate level and a connector between limbic area and Prefrontal Cortex, and finally Amygdala, a lower structural level which detect and process emotion. The high activation in this circuit will cause the maintenance of depression state. Individuals at risk of depression According to cognitive neuropsychological model, we can predict the risk factors of depression and we might be able to prevent its development. The most important factors are: neuroticism, genetic factors and recovered depressed individuals. Neuroticism, which is a personality trait, characterized by anxiety, moodiness, worry, envy and jealousy, is most well-established risk factors for depression in non depressed people, however negative attentional biases are not found in them and it suggest that they only suffer form a bottom-up biases. Fortunately since they do not have the top down biases, their biases might be diminished by help of antidepressant drugs that influence bottom-up biases directly. As well as neurotic individuals, relative of depressed individual are in high risk of depression, since they tend to score higher on measures of neuroticism. Moreover, they show a greater activity in Amygdala as well as a reduced Ventral Striatal responsiveness to reward and less efficien t activation of Parietal and Temporal networks during working memory performance. All together prove the existence of risk of depression in these individuals. Last vulnerable individuals are those who recently recovered from depression. They have behavioral biases toward negative stimuli as well as abnormal activity in Amygdala. All of these vulnerable individuals exhibit bottom-up biases that are similar to depressed people. Conclusion Neuropsychological model and neurobiological model are proposed base on cognitive model and believe that different biases will cause and help the depression state in both depressed people and individuals at risk of depression. According to them, depression is a sequential process that is caused by two pathways: Bottom-up and Top-down biases. Bottom-up biases will influence the lower cognitive and structural level of brain and is the main cause of generating depression, while Top- down affect the higher level and is responsible for maintaining the depressed state. By help of antidepressed drugs, the bottom up biases (perceptional, toghts biases) of depression will be modified and by help of CBT and BT, the top down biases ( attentional and memory biases) will be remit gradually . Figures below are used to show development of depression base on two models. Figure 6: cognitive neurobiological model In this figure the whole process of depression is shown as a loop and as can be seen each step will get feedback to each other, even depressive symptoms will influence the Schema activation, which make the whole system stronger. The blue boxes are brain regions that are described as bottom-up biases, while gray boxes are more higher structural levels or top-down biases, which are responsible for cognitive control. Figure 7: cognitive neuropsychological model: As can be seen the environment event or genetic factors or personality will cause an imbalance in monoamine transmitters, this change cause negative affective biases (perceptual biases), bottom-up biases and lack of cognitive control over these biases, which is a result of environmental trigger as well as bottom-up biases will increase the chance of depression by generating dysfunctional negative schemata; dysfunctional negative schemata will causes more severe and higher level of biases (top-down biases). Green boxes are treatments that can be use for each step.